Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel CodeCriteria and Commentary on Select Aspects of the Boiler & Pressure Vessel and Piping CodesVolume 2EditorK. R. Rao
New YorkASME PRESS2002
 2002 by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS WORK HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS FROM SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. HOWEVER, NEITHER ASME NOR ITS AUTHORS OR EDITORS GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY INFORMATION PUBLISHED IN THIS WORK. NEITHER ASME NOR ITS AUTHORS AND EDITORS SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION. THE WORK IS PUBLISHED WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT ASME AND ITS AUTHORS AND EDITORSARE SUPPLYING INFORMATION BUT ARE NOT ATTEMPTING TO RENDER ENGINEERING OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF SUCH ENGINEERING OR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ARE REQUIRED, THE ASSISTANCE OF AN APPROPRIATE PROFESSIONAL SHOULD BE SOUGHT.ASME shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or . . . printed in its publications (B7.1.3). Statement from the Bylaws.For authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under those circumstances not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act, contact the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: 978-750-8400, www.copyright.com.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataRao, K. R., 1933–Criteria and commentary on select aspects of ASME boiler and pressure vessel and piping codes  K. R. Rao.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-7918-0173-X (v. 1) — ISBN 0-7918-0174-8 (v. 2)1. Steam-boilers—Standards. 2. Pressure vessels—Standards.I. Title.TJ289.R36 2001 621.18021873—dc212001035293Cover photo: Waterford 3: Courtesy of Entergy Corporation: Paul Nehrenz, photographerCover designer: Paul Moran
CONTENTSDedicationWilliam Cooper and Robert E. Nickell                 iiiAcknowledgementsK. R. Rao                                               vContributor Biographies                             vii PrefaceK. R. Rao and Robert E. Nickell                    xxiiiIntroductionK. R. Rao                                             xxvOrganization and Operation of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel CommitteeMartin D. Bernstein                                xxxvii
PART 6: SECTION V OF B&PV CODE NDE
CHAPTER 20 Nondestructive Examination (NDE)Harold C. Graber                                        1
PART 7: SECTION VIII — RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS
CHAPTER 21 Section VIII Division 1: Rules for Construction of Pressure VesselsUrey R. Miller                                          CHAPTER 22 Section VIII: Division 2 — Alternative RulesKamran Mokhtarian                                  131CHAPTER 23Section VIII, Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of High- Pressure Vessels 150PART 9: SECTION X OF B&PV CODE
CHAPTER 24 Welding and Brazing QualificationsJoel G. Feldstein                                     189CHAPTER 25 Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels and ASME RTP-1–Reinforced Thermal-Set Plastic Corrosion-Resistance EquipmentPeter Conlisk                                         227CHAPTER 26 Overview of Section XI StipulationsJ. Robert Sims, Jr.                                   169
PART 10: SECTION XI OF B&PV CODE — RULES FOR INSERVICE INSPECTION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT COMPONENTSOwen Hedden                                        301PART 8: SECTION IX OF B&PV CODE — WELDING AND BRAZING QUALIFICATIONSCHAPTER 27 Repair Replacement Activities for Nuclear Power Plant ItemsRichard E. Gimple                                    329CHAPTER 28 Section XI: Rules for Inservice Inspection and Tests of Nuclear Power Plant ComponentsRichard W. Swayne                                  373CHAPTER 29 Section XI Flaw Acceptance Criteria and Evaluation Using Code ProceduresArthur F. Deardorff                                   395CHAPTER 30 IWE and IWLRobert F. Sammataro                                423CHAPTER 31 Fatigue Crack Growth and Fatigue: Section XI EvaluationWarren H. Bamford                                  465PART 11: SPECIAL TOPICS RELATED TO B&PV CODE
CHAPTER 32 The Maintenance RuleJohn D. Stevenson                                   487CHAPTER 34 Perspective on Cyclic, Impact, and Dynamic LoadsJohn D. Stevenson                                   525CHAPTER 33 Rules for Accreditation, Certification, and Related IssuesMarcus N. Bressler                                   501CHAPTER 35 Functionality and Operability CriteriaGuy H. DeBoo                                        541CHAPTER 36 FluidsFrederick J. Moody                              555CHAPTER 37 Pipe Vibration Testing and AnalysisDavid E. Olson                                       567CHAPTER 38 Stress Intensification Factors, Stress Indices, and Flexibility FactorsEverett C. Rodabaugh                              599CHAPTER 39 Code Design and Evaluation for Cyclic Loading — Sections III and VIIIW. J. O’Donnell                                     617CHAPTER 40 Bolted-Flange Joints and ConnectionsWilliam J. Koves                                      631INDEX                                                673PREFACEThis book provides “The Criteria and Commentary on Select Aspects of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel and Piping Codes” in two volumes. The intent of this book is to serve as a “Primer” to help the user weave through varied aspects of the ASME Codes and B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes and present a summary of specific aspects of interest to users. In essence, this Primer will enable users to understand the basic rationale of the Codes as deliberated and disseminated by the ASME Code Committees. This book is different from the Code Cases or Interpretations of the Code, issued periodically by these ASME Code Committees, although these are referred in the book. It is meant for a varied spectrum of users of Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) and B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes in United States and elsewhere in the world. This book should be considered as a comprehensive guide for ASME B&PV Code Sections I through XI, B31.1 and B31.3 Pip- ing Codes. The contents of these two volumes can be considered as a companion book — a criteria document — for the latest editions of the Code, written by thirty-six professionals with expertise in its preparation and use.ASME and the industry volunteers have invested immense resources in developing Codes and Standards for the Power and Petrochemical Industry, including nuclear, non-nuclear, fossil, and related. The industry has been relying on these documents, collectively referred to as the ASME Code, on a day-to- day basis, and regulators consult them for enforcing the rules. Research and development, in both the material science and analytical areas, find their results in the revisions and updates of the Codes. Over a period of time, these B&PV and Piping Codes, encompassing several disciplines and topics, have become voluminous Standards that belie the intent and expectations of the authors of the Codes. In a word, the B&PV Codes can become a “labyrinth” for an occasional information contained in the Code. Thus, given the wealth of information contained in the Code, these cannot be easily discerned. For example, the B&PV Code, even though it is literally an encyclopedia of rules and standards to be followed by engineers in the nuclear or fossil or related industries, is not easy to comprehend and conform to. Alphanumeric text and graphics are loaded with information, arrived at by a consensus process from the deliberations of practicing engineers, professionals, academia, and regulators meeting several times a year. A lack of understanding of the Code, therefore, can cause not only professional errors but also misplaced confidence and reliance on the engineer’s interpretation that could lead to serious public safety hazards. Spread over several volumes and thou- sands of pages of text, tables, and graphics, it is not easy to decipher the criteria and the basis of these Codes. Thus, given the importance of these ASME Codes related to the industry and the attendant technological advances, it becomes a professional expediency to assimilate and appropriately apply the wealth of information contained in the Codes. The first step, then, is to ask, “Where is what?” The Code is spread over eleven Sections; attending the tutorials is one way to understand first- hand the various Sections of the Code. However, this is not within the reach of all of the engineers in the industry. The next best solution is to have expert authors, versatile in the individual Sections and Subsections, to make the subject matter understandable to the practicing engineers in a book format such as “A PRIMER.”In this book, all of the Sections I through XI of the B&PV and B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes are summarily addressed with examples, explanatory text, tables, graphics, references, and anno- tated bibliographical notes. This permits engineers to more eas- ily refer to the material requirements and the acceptance criteria whether they are in the design basis or in an operability situa- tion of a nuclear plant or process piping. In addition, certain spe- cial topics of interest to engineers are explicitly addressed. These include Rules for Accreditation and Certification; Perspective on Cyclic, Impact, and Dynamic Loads; Functionality and Operabil- ity Criteria; Fluids; Pipe Vibration; Stress Intensification Factors, Stress Indices, and Flexibility Factors; Code Design and Evalu- ation for Cyclic Loading; and Bolted-Flange Joints and Connec- tions. Important is the inclusion of unique Sections such as Sec- tions I, II, IV through VII, IX, and X that enriches the value of the book as a comprehensive companion guide for B&PV and Piping Codes. Of considerable value is the inclusion of an in-depth treat- ment of Sections III, VIII, and XI. A unique aspect of the book chapters related to the Codes is the treatment of the origins and the historical background unraveling the original intent of the writers of the Criteria of the Codes and Standards. Thus, the current users of these Codes and Standards can apply their engineering knowledge and judgment intelligently in their use of these Codes and Standards.Although these two volumes cannot be considered to be a perfect symphony, the subject matter orchestrates around a central theme, that is, “The Use of B&PV and Piping Codes and Standards.” Special effort is made by the contributors, who are experts in their respective fields, to cross-reference other Sections; this facilitates identifying the interconnection between various B&PV Code Sections, as well as the B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes. The Table of Contents, indexing, and annotated notes for individual Chapters are provided to identify the connection between varied topics. It is worth mentioning that despite the chapters not being of equal length, comprehensive coverage is ensured. The coverage of some sections is intentionally increased to provide in-depth discussion, with examples to elucidate the points citing the Code Subsections and Articles.
K. R. Rao, Ph.D., P.E. Robert E. Nickell, Ph.D.Editor 1999–2000 President ASME International